安(ān)科瑞(ruì) 陳聰

Application of Power Monitoring System in Adama Industrial Park, Ethiopia

摘要：介紹(shào)阿(ā)達瑪(mǎ)工(gōng)業園區項目，采(cǎi)用智能電(diàn)力儀表，采(cǎi)集(jí)配(pèi)電現場的(dí)各種電參(cān)量和(hé)開關信(xìn)號。係統采用(yòng)現場(cháng)就地(dì)組(zǔ)網的(dí)方式，組網後(hòu)通(tōng)過現(xiàn)場總(zǒng)綫通(tōng)訊並(bìng)遠傳(chuán)至後(hòu)台，通過Acrel-2000型(xíng)電力監控係統(tǒng)實現配電(diàn)室(shì)配(pèi)電回路用電(diàn)的(dí)實時監(jiān)控(kòng)和(hé)管理。

Abstract: Introduce the project of Adama industrial park, Ethiopia, which uses intelligent power meters to collect various electrical parameters and switch signals at the distribution site. The system adopts the method of on-site networking. After networking, it communicates via fieldbus and transmits it to the background. The Acrel-2000 power monitoring system realizes real-time monitoring and management of power distribution circuit power in the distribution room.

關鍵(jiàn)詞：智能電(diàn)力儀(yí)表(biǎo);Acrel-2000;電(diàn)力監控(kòng)係(xì)統;

Keywords: intelligent power meter; Acrel-2000; power monitoring system

0 需求(qiú)分析(xī)Demand analysis

為保證生產管理用(yòng)電負(fù)荷(hé)的(dí)統(tǒng)計(jì)與(yǔ)分析及對危險源(yuán)實時監(jiān)控。需要對項(xiàng)目(mù)現場的配電室(shì)中進綫及出綫(xiàn)回(huí)路進(jìn)行電壓(yā)，電(diàn)流(liú)，功(gōng)率等參數進行(háng)實(shí)時在(zài)綫(xiàn)監控(kòng)。一旦監控點(diǎn)被監視參數(shù)異常，能夠(gòu)及時檢(jiǎn)測(cè)報(bào)警，有關人員采(cǎi)取必要的措施(shī)，避免安全事故的(dí)發生(shēng)。自動(dòng)抄(chāo)表(biǎo)功能節(jié)省了人力物力(lì)，功率趨(qū)勢(shì)曲(qū)綫功能能夠直觀(guān)的顯(xiǎn)示各(gè)回(huí)路的工(gōng)作狀(zhuàng)態與(yǔ)時間，方便(biàn)用(yòng)戶(hù)找出非正常用電回(huí)路並且及時(shí)進行整(zhěng)改，建立電能多級計量(liáng)體係提(tí)供用(yòng)能(néng)分析依據(jù)。

To ensure the statistics and analysis of electricity load for production management and real-time monitoring of hazard sources. Real-time online monitoring of parameters such as voltage, current, and power in the incoming and outgoing circuits of the power distribution room at the project site is required. Once the monitoring point is monitored with abnormal parameters, it can detect and alarm in time, and 

relevant personnel can take necessary measures to avoid safety accidents. The automatic meter reading function saves manpower and material resources. The power trend curve function can intuitively display the working status and time of each circuit, which is convenient for users to find abnormal power circuits and make corrections in time, and establish a multi-level electrical energy measurement system to provide energy analysis basis .

數(shù)據采(cǎi)集data collection

自動采集現場(cháng)所(suǒ)有電量儀表的(dí)模(mó)擬量數(shù)據，自動采(cǎi)集現(xiàn)場(cháng)開(kāi)關狀(zhuàng)態以(yǐ)及故障(zhàng)狀態等(děng)開關量數據(jù)。

Automatically collect analog data of all power meters on site, and automatically collect on-site switching data such as on-site switch status and fault status.

支持(chí)實時采(cǎi)集，自動周期(qī)采集(jí)（定時(shí)采(cǎi)集）可配置周期（1分鐘(zhōng)～24小時）。

Support real-time collection, automatic

periodic collection (timing collection) configurable cycle (1 minute to 24 hours).

支持(chí)數(shù)據傳輸正(zhèng)確(què)性檢(jiǎn)驗(yàn)，異(yì)常數據(jù)自(zì)動(dòng)處(chǔ)理(lǐ)。

Support data transmission correctness inspection, automatic processing of abnormal data.

支持(chí)多綫程(chéng)處理機(jī)製，提(tí)高(gāo)數據采(cǎi)集效率，能同(tóng)時對多(duō)個設備進行(háng)數據(jù)采(cǎi)集。

Support multi-threaded processing mechanism, improve the efficiency of data collection, and can collect data from multiple devices at the same time.

數(shù)據(jù)實時顯示采用(yòng)配電箱主(zhǔ)接綫圖直(zhí)觀顯示模(mó)式(shì)，各回路開關(guān)斷(duàn)合(hé)以及(jí)故障狀(zhuàng)態直觀可見(jiàn)。

The real-time data display adopts the intuitive display mode of the main wiring diagram of the distribution box, and the disconnection and fault status of each circuit switch are intuitively visible.

 數(shù)據分析與(yǔ)處(chǔ)理Data analysis and processing

數據的綜(zōng)合(hé)統(tǒng)計，分(fēn)析需要實(shí)現(xiàn)以下功(gōng)能：

Comprehensive statistics and analysis of data need to achieve the following functions:

各設備用(yòng)電(diàn)數據(jù)小時，日，月，年(nián)等(děng)時(shí)間段(duàn)內(nèi)的統計，計(jì)算。

Statistics and calculation of the electricity consumption data of each equipment in hours, days, months, years and other time periods.

各(gè)設備的(dí)用電(diàn)負荷(hé)（有(yǒu)功，無(wú)功(gōng)）大，小，平均(jūn)值(zhí)計(jì)算。

Calculate the large, small and average value of the electrical load (active power, reactive power) of each device.

統計各(gè)分站及整體的(dí)用電(diàn)量(liáng)（有功，無功）。

Count the power consumption (active power and reactive power) of each substation and the whole.

數據(jù)查詢與展示(shì)Data query and display

要(yào)求能(néng)方便(biàn)實現客戶端(duān)查詢和(hé)各(gè)級管(guǎn)理(lǐ)人員的(dí)查

詢，查(chá)詢界麵能適(shì)應(yīng)各(gè)級管(guǎn)理人員的要(yào)求(qiú)能(néng)夠支(zhī)持(chí)靈(líng)活的條(tiáo)件(jiàn)組合查詢和對比分析(xī)，各(gè)類(lèi)統(tǒng)計分(fēn)析的(dí)數(shù)據可靈活采用(yòng)報表等多(duō)種(zhǒng)圖(tú)表(biǎo)方式直觀的展示功能。

It is required to facilitate the realization of client query and query of managers at all levels. The query interface can adapt to the requirements of managers at all levels. It can support flexible condition combination query and comparative analysis. Various types of statistical analysis data can be flexibly used in reports and other charts. Intuitive display function.

數據展示功能(néng)按照(zhào)不(bù)同(tóng)用(yòng)戶的不同的權限，分為(wéi)操(cāo)作(zuò)層，管理(lǐ)層，決策層三(sān)層用能展示。

According to the different permissions of different users, the data display function is divided into three layers: operation layer, management layer, and decision-making layer.

操作層具備(bèi)用能(néng)分析(xī)，累計用(yòng)量(liáng)，實時(shí)監測，運(yùn)行(háng)記錄(lù)及比例，對比，對標(biāo)分析(xī)等(děng)功(gōng)能。

The operation layer has functions such as energy consumption analysis, cumulative consumption, real-time monitoring, running records and ratios, comparison, and benchmarking analysis.

管理層具備用能數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計和(hé)分析(xī)，分(fēn)類分(fēn)項(xiàng)的對比，對標(biāo)分(fēn)析(xī)等功(gōng)能。

The management has functions such as statistics and analysis of energy consumption data, comparison of classification and sub-items, and benchmarking analysis.

決策層具備(bèi)用能數據(jù)分(fēn)析，數據(jù)刪除，數據庫(kù)導入/導出(chū)等功(gōng)能。

The decision-making layer has functions such as energy data analysis, data deletion, and database import/export.

權限管(guǎn)理authority management

要(yào)求對(duì)不(bù)同用戶賦予(yú)不(bù)同角色的(dí)權(quán)限，能授權(quán)到(dào)功能(néng)子菜(cài)單，具體檔(dàng)案記錄(lù)，數據(jù)記(jì)錄等。

It is required to assign different roles to 

different users, and be able to authorize function sub-menus, specific file records, data records, etc.

係統要求具備(bèi)合理*的(dí)用(yòng)戶安(ān)全控製機(jī)製，能(néng)使(shǐ)應用(yòng)環境(jìng)中的(dí)信(xìn)息資源得到(dào)保(bǎo)護，防止信息(xī)的丟失(shī)，失竊(qiè)和破(pò)壞(huài)。

The system requires a reasonable and complete user security control mechanism to protect the information resources in the application environment and prevent the loss, theft and destruction of information.

節(jié)能改造及效果(guǒ)評估

Energy-saving renovation and effect evaluation

要求為生(shēng)產(chǎn)節能改造提供(gōng)數據(jù)支撐，並(bìng)能提供節能改(gǎi)造前後的效(xiào)果(guǒ)評估(gū)。

It is required to provide data support for the energy-saving transformation of production, and can provide the effect evaluation before and after the energy-saving transformation.

參數設(shè)置parameter settings

可(kě)通過采集櫃設(shè)置(zhì)各(gè)回路(lù)互感器變比(bǐ)，各(gè)種電流電壓保(bǎo)護(hù)整(zhěng)定值。

The transformer ratio of each loop and the setting value of various current and voltage protection can be set through the acquisition cabinet.

故障(zhàng)判(pàn)斷與報警(jǐng)具有故障自(zì)動(dòng)判斷(duàn)並采用聲(shēng)光(guāng)方(fāng)式報(bào)警功能。報警(jǐng)類型包(bāo)括開關(guān)故障，電(diàn)壓，電流(liú)超限(xiàn)，現(xiàn)場采集模(mó)塊(kuài)通訊故障，與監控(kòng)係(xì)統(tǒng)通訊故障等(děng)。報警時間自動記入係(xì)統數據庫，方(fāng)便用(yòng)戶(hù)查(chá)詢(xún)，工(gōng)作人(rén)員(yuán)可隨時(shí)掌握(wò)變(biàn)配(pèi)電站實(shí)時運行(háng)狀(zhuàng)態(tài)，發現(xiàn)變(biàn)配電運(yùn)行(háng)故障並作出相(xiāng)應處(chǔ)理，提(tí)高變配電的管(guǎn)理(lǐ)效率，提(tí)升電力係統安(ān)全性(xìng)，可(kě)靠性(xìng)。

Fault judgment and alarm have automatic fault judgment and use sound and light alarm function. Alarm types include switch failures, voltage and current overruns, communication failures of the field acquisition module, and communication failures with the monitoring system. The alarm 

time is automatically recorded in the system database, which is convenient for users to inquire. The staff can grasp the real-time operation status of the substation at any time, find the operation failure of the substation and distribution, and make corresponding treatments, improve the management efficiency of the substation and distribution, and enhance the safety of the power system. reliability.

2  係(xì)統方案System solutions

安(ān)科瑞Acrel-2000係統根據阿(ā)達瑪現場(cháng)實(shí)際情(qíng)況，整體網絡結構采用屏蔽(bì)雙(shuāng)絞(jiǎo)綫直接(jiē)接至(zhì)數據采(cǎi)集器然後通過(guò)網(wǎng)綫直接(jiē)接(jiē)至配電室的監(jiān)控(kòng)主機，保(bǎo)障了電(diàn)力監(jiān)控監控係統傳輸的(dí)穩定性(xìng)與實時性。

According to the actual situation of Adama industrial park, the overall network structure of Acrel-2000 system adopts shielded twisted pair to directly connect to the data collector and then directly connect to the monitoring host in the power distribution room through the network cable, ensuring the transmission of the power monitoring and monitoring system. The stability and real-time performance.

1）站(zhàn)控管理層Station control management

站控(kòng)管理層針(zhēn)對電力監控(kòng)係統(tǒng)的管理(lǐ)人員，是人機交互的直(zhí)接窗口。在阿(ā)達瑪中主要指(zhǐ)置(zhì)於(yú)地(dì)下一(yī)層(céng)配電室的監(jiān)控(kòng)主(zhǔ)機。

The station control management layer is the direct window of human-computer interaction for the management personnel of the power monitoring system. In the Adama Project, it mainly refers to the monitoring host placed in the power distribution room on the first underground floor.

2）網絡(luò)通訊層Network communication layer

 通訊(xùn)層主(zhǔ)要(yào)是由采(cǎi)集器(qì)，以(yǐ)太(tài)網(wǎng)設備及(jí)總綫網(wǎng)絡組(zǔ)成。串(chuàn)口服務(wù)器(qì)主要(yào)功能是(shì)監(jiān)測(cè)現場(cháng)智(zhì)能儀表；以太網(wǎng)設備及(jí)總綫網絡的(dí)主(zhǔ)要功(gōng)能(néng)是實現(xiàn)分站與主(zhǔ)站(zhàn)之(zhī)間的數據交互，使配電(diàn)係統管理(lǐ)集(jí)中化(huà)，信(xìn)息化，

智(zhì)能(néng)化(huà)，提高了配電(diàn)係(xì)統的(dí)安全性，可靠性和穩(wěn)定(dìng)性(xìng)，達到了(liǎo)無(wú)人值(zhí)守(shǒu)的目的。

The communication layer is mainly composed of collectors, Ethernet devices and bus networks. The main function of the serial server is to monitor on-site intelligent instruments; the main function of Ethernet equipment and bus network is to realize the data interaction between the substation and the main station, so that the management of the power distribution system is centralized, informatized, and intelligent, and the power distribution is improved. The safety, reliability and stability of the system have achieved the goal of unattended operation.

3）現場設備層Field device layer

現(xiàn)場(cháng)設備層是數(shù)據(jù)采集終端，主要(yào)由智能(néng)儀(yí)表(biǎo)組成，智(zhì)能儀表通過屏蔽(bì)雙絞綫(xiàn)RS485接口，采用MODBUS通訊(xùn)協議(yì)總(zǒng)綫型(xíng)連(lián)接(jiē)接(jiē)入(rù)通訊服(fú)務器，經通訊(xùn)服務器(qì)到(dào)達該(gāi)配電間(jiān)監控主(zhǔ)機(jī)進行(háng)組(zǔ)網，實現(xiàn)遠程控製。

The field equipment layer is the data acquisition terminal, which is mainly composed of smart meters. The smart meters are connected to the communication server through the shielded twisted pair RS485 interface and the MODBUS communication protocol bus connection. The communication server reaches the monitoring host of the power distribution room for networking. Realize remote control.

係統(tǒng)結構(gòu)圖System structure diagram

3  係(xì)統(tǒng)功能System functions

變電所(suǒ)實時監(jiān)控係(xì)統(tǒng)圖(tú)為主監(jiān)控畫麵，主要實(shí)時(shí)監測變(biàn)電所所有(yǒu)回(huí)路(lù)的運行狀態(tài)，紅色代(dài)表合閘(zhá)，綠色代(dài)表(biǎo)分(fēn)閘。在(zài)係(xì)統圖(tú)中可以直(zhí)觀的看(kàn)到每路進(jìn)綫和出綫的運行參(cān)數(shù)和狀態(tài)，可(kě)以(yǐ)看到(dào)變(biàn)壓器(qì)出(chū)綫側的所有常規(guī)電力(lì)參(cān)數，如：三(sān)相電(diàn)壓，電(diàn)流(liú)，有功功率(shuài)，無(wú)功(gōng)功率(shuài)，功率因(yīn)數(shù)，頻率(shuài)，有功(gōng)電(diàn)度(dù)等。如(rú)下(xià)圖所(suǒ)：

The real-time monitoring system diagram of the substation is the main monitoring screen, which mainly monitors the operating status of all circuits in the substation in real time. Red represents closing and green represents opening. In the system diagram, you can intuitively see the operating parameters and status of each incoming and outgoing line, and you can see all the conventional power parameters on the outgoing side of the transformer, such as: three-phase voltage, current, active power, reactive power, and power factor , Frequency, active power, etc. As shown in the figure below:

一次(cì)係(xì)統圖 primary system diagram

遙信和遙測報警功能(néng)，主要完成(chéng)對(duì)低(dī)壓各出綫回路(lù)的開(kāi)關運行(háng)狀(zhuàng)態(tài)和負(fù)載進(jìn)綫監控，對(duì)開關變(biàn)位和負(fù)載越限(xiàn)彈出(chū)報警(jǐng)界麵指(zhǐ)示具體的報(bào)警(jǐng)位置並(bìng)聲音(yīn)報(bào)警，提醒值班(bān)人員及(jí)時(shí)處(chǔ)理(lǐ)。負(fù)載越(yuè)限(xiàn)值在(zài)相應權限(xiàn)下(xià)可自由設置。       

The remote signaling and remote measurement alarm functions mainly complete the monitoring of the switch operation status of the low-voltage outlet circuits and the load incoming line. The pop-up alarm interface for switch displacement 

and load limit violations indicates the specific alarm location and sounds the alarm to remind the duty personnel to deal with it in time. The load limit can be set freely under the corresponding authority.

事件(jiàn)告警記錄(lù)功能(néng)，主(zhǔ)要(yào)完(wán)成對(duì)查詢時(shí)間段(duàn)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的報(bào)警(jǐng)信(xìn)息事(shì)件記錄以及發生時(shí)間，為(wéi)值班(bān)人(rén)員(yuán)提供(gōng)依據(jù)並(bìng)且(qiě)分(fēn)析事故發生(shēng)的(dí)原(yuán)因，如下圖(tú)所(suǒ)示：

The event alarm record function mainly completes the record of the alarm information and the occurrence time of the alarm information that occurred during the query time period, and provides the basis for the staff on duty and analyzes the cause of the accident, as shown in the following figure:

報(bào)警功能實時(shí)查詢(xún) Alarm function real-time query

參數(shù)抄(chāo)表(biǎo)功(gōng)能(néng)，主(zhǔ)要對低壓(yā)各出(chū)綫回路的電參數(shù)進綫(xiàn)查詢(xún)。支持任(rèn)意時刻電參數(shù)查(chá)詢，具備(bèi)數據導(dǎo)出和(hé)報表打印(yìn)等功(gōng)能。該報表查(chá)詢阿(ā)達(dá)瑪(mǎ)配(pèi)電室進出綫各低(dī)壓(yā)回路(lù)的電參(cān)數(shù)，主要(yào)包括：三(sān)相(xiāng)電流(liú)，有(yǒu)功功率(shuài)和有功(gōng)電(diàn)度。該報(bào)表(biǎo)各回路(lù)名(míng)稱和數(shù)據庫(kù)關(guān)聯，方(fāng)便(biàn)用(yòng)戶(hù)修(xiū)改(gǎi)回(huí)路名(míng)稱。如下圖(tú)所示(shì):

Parameter meter reading function, mainly to query the electrical parameters of the low-voltage outgoing circuit. Supports electrical parameter query at any time, with functions such as data export and report printing. This report queries the electrical parameters of the low-voltage circuits of the incoming and outgoing lines of the Adama power distribution room, mainly including: three-phase current, 

active power and active power. The name of each circuit in this report is associated with the database, which is convenient for users to modify the name of the circuit. As shown below:

電(diàn)參數(shù)抄表(biǎo)Parameter meter reading

用電(diàn)量報(bào)表功能，可(kě)選擇時間(jiān)段(duàn)進(jìn)行(háng)查詢，支持(chí)任(rèn)意時(shí)間段電(diàn)度(dù)累計(jì)查詢(xún)，具(jù)備數(shù)據(jù)導出和報表(biǎo)打(dǎ)印(yìn)等功能(néng)。為值(zhí)班(bān)人(rén)員提(tí)供了(liǎo)準確(què)可靠的(dí)電(diàn)能報表。該(gāi)報表各回(huí)路(lù)名(míng)稱和數(shù)據庫(kù)關聯(lián)，方(fāng)便(biàn)用戶(hù)修改回(huí)路(lù)名稱。如(rú)下(xià)圖所示，用戶可以(yǐ)直接打印(yìn)報表，可以以EXCEL格式另存(cún)到(dào)其他位置。 如下(xià)圖所(suǒ)示：

The power consumption report function can select the time period for query, supports the cumulative query of the power consumption at any time period, and has the functions of data export and report printing. Provide accurate and reliable electric energy report for the staff on duty. The name of each circuit in this report is associated with the database, which is convenient for users to modify the name of the circuit. As shown in the figure below, the user can print the report directly, and save it to another location in EXCEL format. As shown below:

電能報表 Energy report

係(xì)統(tǒng)通訊結構(gòu)示意圖，主要顯(xiǎn)示(shì)係統(tǒng)的組網結構，

係統(tǒng)采用分層分布式結(jié)構，同(tóng)時監(jiān)測(cè)間隔層設(shè)備的(dí)通(tōng)信狀(zhuàng)態。紅色(sè)表示通訊(xùn)正(zhèng)常(cháng)，綠(lǜ)色表示通訊故障。下圖(tú)為變(biàn)電所(suǒ)通(tōng)訊狀態(tài)示意(yì)圖。

A schematic diagram of the system communication structure, which mainly shows the network structure of the system. The system adopts a hierarchical distributed structure and monitors the communication status of the bay layer equipment at the same time. Red indicates that the communication is normal, and green indicates that the communication is faulty. The figure below is a schematic diagram of the communication status of the substation.

通(tōng)訊結構(gòu)示(shì)意圖Communication structure diagram

4  結束語(yǔ) Conclusion

在當(dāng)今(jīn)配(pèi)電(diàn)設(shè)施的(dí)應用中(zhōng)，項(xiàng)目的(dí)配(pèi)電安全性至關(guān)重(zhòng)要(yào)，本文(wén)介紹的Acrel-2000電(diàn)力監控(kòng)係(xì)統(tǒng)在阿達碼(mǎ)的應(yīng)用，可(kě)以實(shí)現對配電(diàn)室供(gōng)配電(diàn)回(huí)路用電(diàn)的(dí)實時監控(kòng)，不僅(jǐn)能(néng)顯示回(huí)路用(yòng)電(diàn)狀況(kuàng)，還具(jù)有(yǒu)網絡(luò)通訊功(gōng)能(néng)，可以與串口(kǒu)服務(wù)器(qì)，計算(suàn)機(jī)等組(zǔ)成電力(lì)監控(kòng)係(xì)統。係統(tǒng)實現對(duì)采(cǎi)集(jí)數據的(dí)分(fēn)析，處(chǔ)理(lǐ)，實時顯示配電室(shì)內各(gè)配電(diàn)回路(lù)的運行(háng)狀態，對負(fù)載(zǎi)越(yuè)限(xiàn)具有(yǒu)彈(dàn)出報(bào)警對(duì)話框(kuàng)，語音提(tí)示，並(bìng)生(shēng)成各種電能(néng)報(bào)表(biǎo)，分(fēn)析曲綫(xiàn)，圖(tú)形(xíng)等，便(biàn)於(yú)電能(néng)的遠(yuǎn)程抄表(biǎo)以(yǐ)及(jí)分析，研究(jiū)，該係統運行(háng)安(ān)全(quán)，可靠，穩定(dìng)，為(wéi)該項(xiàng)目解決(jué)用電(diàn)問題(tí)提供(gōng)了(liǎo)真實可靠的依(yī)據，取得(dé)了(liǎo)較(jiào)好(hǎo)的效益(yì)。

In the application of today’s power distribution facilities, the safety of the project’s power distribution is very important. The application of the Acrel-2000 power monitoring system in the Adama described in this 

article can realize the real-time power consumption of the power supply and distribution circuit in the power distribution room. Monitoring, not only can display the power status of the loop, but also has a network communication function, which can form a power monitoring system with a serial server, a computer, etc. The system realizes the analysis and processing of the collected data, real-time display of the operation status of the distribution circuits in the distribution room, pop-up alarm dialogs, voice prompts for load exceeding limit, and generates various electric energy reports, analysis curves, graphics, etc., which is convenient The remote meter reading, analysis and research of electric energy show that the system is safe, reliable and stable, providing a true and reliable basis for the project to solve the electricity problem, and has achieved good benefits.

參考(kǎo)文(wén)獻(xiàn) Bibliography

1.Solutions For Enterprise Micro-grid System 2020.02