安(ān)科瑞 陳(chén)聰(cōng) 周潔(jié)

摘要：本文將(jiāng)針對大(dà)型(xíng)公共(gòng)建(jiàn)築能耗監控係(xì)統當中安裝(zhuāng)設備的(dí)特定(dìng)分(fēn)類，分項能(néng)耗裝(zhuāng)置(zhì)進詳(xiáng)細分(fēn)析(xī)，借(jiè)助GPRS/Wi-Fi等無綫(xiàn)傳輸技術手段(duàn)，將大(dà)型公(gōng)共(gòng)建(jiàn)築能耗檢(jiǎn)測到的數據信息(xī)進(jìn)行(háng)動(dòng)態(tài)化分(fēn)析，切實為我(wǒ)國節(jié)能減(jiǎn)耗事(shì)業(yè)做出(chū)貢獻，對大型公共建築(zhù)的(dí)能耗消耗情(qíng)況(kuàng)進行(háng)監(jiān)控(kòng)，若(ruò)發現了(liǎo)能耗(hào)過大的(dí)問題進行(háng)優(yōu)化與管控(kòng).

  Abstract: in this paper, the specific classification and itemized energy consumption devices of the equipment installed in the energy consumption monitoring system of large public buildings will be analyzed in detail, and the data information detected by the energy consumption of large public buildings will be dynamically analyzed with the help of GPRS / Wi Fi and other wireless transmission technologies, so as to make a practical contribution to the cause of energy conservation and consumption reduction in China, Monitor the energy consumption of large public buildings, and effectively optimize and control if excessive energy consumption is found.

  關鍵詞：監控係統(tǒng)；能(néng)耗(hào)裝(zhuāng)置(zhì)；控(kòng)製係(xì)統(tǒng)

  Key words: monitoring system; Energy consumption device; Control system

  0.背景 background

  我(wǒ)國(guó)建設(shè)部提出(chū)，經過大(dà)數據統計(jì)分(fēn)析(xī)，2020年底(dǐ)，全(quán)國(guó)建(jiàn)築總(zǒng)麵積已經超過(guò)400億平方米(mǐ)，建築能耗(hào)將達(dá)到十點九億噸標準煤(méi)，建(jiàn)築在(zài)建(jiàn)造和使用過程中(zhōng)直(zhí)接消(xiāo)耗的能源已占(zhān)全(quán)社(shè)會總(zǒng)能耗的百(bǎi)分之三十左右。我國(guó)當前大型公共建築(zhù)能耗在計量，傳(chuán)輸(shū)，節能(néng)監(jiān)管(guǎn)層次(cì)存(cún)在一(yī)定問(wèn)題(tí)，粗放(fàng)式能耗(hào)管(guǎn)理在(zài)一(yī)定程度會(huì)造(zào)成大(dà)量的能耗浪(làng)費(fèi)，大(dà)型公共建築(zhù)能(néng)耗(hào)監(jiān)測與(yǔ)節(jié)能管理已(yǐ)經成為我(wǒ)國(guó)節能減耗(hào)工作(zuò)的(dí)重(zhòng)心。雖然我國(guó)當(dāng)前已經(jīng)開展(zhǎn)了信息化能(néng)好(hǎo)監管(guǎn)工作(zuò)，但是很(hěn)多(duō)地(dì)方因為數(shù)據采(cǎi)集自(zì)動化程(chéng)度(dù)較低(dī)，管(guǎn)理信(xìn)息(xī)化程度(dù)較低，在數(shù)據(jù)上(shàng)報的過程中，存(cún)在諸(zhū)多問題(tí)，直接增(zēng)加(jiā)了(liǎo)能(néng)耗數據(jù)統(tǒng)計的難度(dù)。為(wéi)了實現能耗數(shù)據(jù)信息(xī)采(cǎi)集(jí)，對能源消(xiāo)耗情況進(jìn)行動態化(huà)管控(kòng)，本(běn)文將針(zhēn)對大型(xíng)公共建(jiàn)築(zhù)能(néng)耗(hào)監控係(xì)統(tǒng)進(jìn)行(háng)詳(xiáng)細分析(xī)。

  China's Ministry of construction has proposed that through the statistical analysis of big data, by the end of 2020, the total construction area of the country has exceeded 40 billion square meters, and the building energy consumption will reach 1.09 billion tons of standard coal. The energy directly consumed by buildings in the process of construction and use has accounted for about 30% of the total energy consumption of the whole society. At present, there are some problems in the measurement, transmission and energy-saving supervision of energy consumption of large public buildings in China. Extensive energy consumption management will cause a lot of energy consumption waste to a certain extent. Energy consumption monitoring and energy-saving management of large public buildings have become the focus of energy conservation and consumption reduction in China. Although China has carried out the supervision of informatization, there are many problems of concealment in the process of data reporting, which directly increases the difficulty of energy consumption data statistics because of the low degree of automation of data collection and low degree of management informatization. In order to achieve accurate energy consumption data collection and effective dynamic control of energy consumption, this paper will analyze the energy consumption monitoring system of large public buildings in detail.

  1. 國內外大型公(gōng)共建築(zhù)能(néng)耗監控(kòng)係(xì)統發展 development of energy consumption monitoring system for large public buildings at home and abroad

  放眼(yǎn)國外來看(kàn)，國外的智(zhì)能樓宇技術已(yǐ)經較為(wéi)成熟(shú)，能耗(hào)數據信(xìn)息(xī)監(jiān)測的智能化(huà)，自動化水平也相對較高。針(zhēn)對發(fā)達(dá)國家(jiā)來說，尤其是針(zhēn)對大(dà)型(xíng)公共建築的(dí)能(néng)耗監控(kòng)是相(xiāng)當注重(zhòng)的(dí)，智能化能耗監測(cè)設備也不斷(duàn)*，工程(chéng)係(xì)統(tǒng)運行(háng)穩定。針(zhēn)對(duì)我(wǒ)國(guó)來說(shuō)，智(zhì)能(néng)樓宇技術雖(suī)然(rán)有(yǒu)所運用(yòng)，但是(shì)缺(quē)乏係(xì)統(tǒng)化(huà)的智(zhì)能(néng)樓(lóu)宇集成(chéng)係統(tǒng)，相(xiāng)關(guān)觀(guān)念(niàn)，理念並(bìng)未形成(chéng)，與國(guó)外仍(réng)然存(cún)在較大差(chà)距(jù)。我(wǒ)國很多(duō)智(zhì)能樓宇(yǔ)係(xì)統(tǒng)在運行(háng)的過程中，缺乏相關係統(tǒng)整(zhěng)體運行(háng)機製，會造(zào)成事半(bàn)功(gōng)倍問題，導致(zhì)投(tóu)資浪(làng)費，智能樓(lóu)宇監(jiān)測係的實時性，可(kě)靠性，穩(wěn)定性都很(hěn)難達到世界(jiè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)水(shuǐ)平。國外當前很(hěn)多(duō)信息化(huà)技術企業(yè)都已(yǐ)經針對大(dà)型公(gōng)共建(jiàn)築(zhù)能(néng)耗監控(kòng)係統，研發出了與(yǔ)其(qí)相匹配(pèi)的係統性(xìng)產品，美國霍尼(ní)韋爾，美國江森(sēn)自控，德國西(xī)門子(zǐ)等公司(sī)，都(dū)進(jìn)行了能耗(hào)監測係(xì)統產品研發(fā)，促(cù)使國家大(dà)型(xíng)公(gōng)共(gòng)建築能耗監控係(xì)統(tǒng)運(yùn)行(háng)更加穩定。我(wǒ)國智能樓(lóu)宇發展雖(suī)然存在不*之處(chǔ)，但是(shì)在(zài)國家和(hé)企(qǐ)業的共(gòng)同努力推(tuī)動之(zhī)下，正(zhèng)在發(fā)展(zhǎn)。我國上海元上能(néng)耗計量(liáng)管理係(xì)統，研華(huá)地BEMS樓宇能源(yuán)管理(lǐ)係統，都展(zhǎn)現出了(liǎo)自身*的(dí)價值，在我(wǒ)國(guó)大型公共建築能(néng)耗監控(kòng)工作(zuò)當(dāng)中(zhōng)運用廣泛(fàn)。

  Looking abroad, foreign intelligent building technology has been relatively mature, and the intelligent and automatic level of energy consumption data and information monitoring is also relatively high. For developed countries, especially for large public buildings, great attention is paid to energy consumption monitoring, intelligent energy consumption monitoring equipment is constantly improved, and the engineering system operates stably. For China, although intelligent building technology has been applied, it lacks systematic intelligent building integration system, relevant concepts and ideas have not been formed, and there is still a large gap with foreign countries. During the operation of many intelligent building systems in China, the lack of overall operation mechanism of relevant systems will lead to the problem of twice the result with half the effort, resulting in a waste of investment. The real-time, reliability and stability of intelligent building monitoring system are difficult to reach the world standard level. At present, many foreign information technology enterprises have developed matching systematic products for the energy consumption monitoring system of large public buildings. American Honeywell, American Johnson Controls, German Siemens and other companies have actively carried out the research and development of energy consumption monitoring system products, so as to promote the operation of energy consumption monitoring system of national large public buildings to be more stable and efficient. Although there are imperfections in the development of intelligent buildings in China, they are actively developing under the joint efforts of the state and enterprises. China's Shanghai Yuanshang energy consumption measurement and management system and Advantech BEMS building energy management system all show their unique value and are widely used in the energy consumption monitoring of large public buildings in China.

  2大型(xíng)公(gōng)共建(jiàn)築能耗監控數(shù)據(jù)采集(jí) Energy consumption monitoring data collection of large public buildings

  2.1能(néng)耗(hào)監(jiān)控數據(jù)采集 energy consumption monitoring data collection

  大(dà)型公(gōng)共建(jiàn)築能(néng)耗(hào)數(shù)內部(bù)數(shù)據(jù)係(xì)統繁(fán)雜，並(bìng)且(qiě)耗能(néng)的單(dān)位較多，為了做好大型公(gōng)共建築能(néng)耗監控係(xì)統構架，要對(duì)大型(xíng)公(gōng)共建築能耗監控(kòng)數據信息內(nèi)容(róng)進(jìn)行把控。結合(hé)我國(guó)頒布的(dí)《國(guó)家機關(guān)辦公建築(zhù)和大型公共建(jiàn)築的(dí)具(jù)體(tǐ)內容》當(dāng)中的(dí)要求來看，大型(xíng)公(gōng)共建(jiàn)築(zhù)能(néng)耗數據信息(xī)監(jiān)控(kòng)內(nèi)容如(rú)圖1所示(shì)。

  The internal data system of energy consumption of large public buildings is complex, and there are many energy consuming units. In order to do a good job in the framework of energy consumption monitoring system of large public buildings, it is necessary to control the content of energy consumption monitoring data of large public buildings. According to the requirements in the specific contents of state organ office buildings and large public buildings issued by China, the monitoring content of energy consumption data information of large public buildings is shown in Figure 1.

圖(tú)1 能耗監控數據采(cǎi)集內(nèi)容

Figure 1 energy consumption monitoring data collection content

  2.2能耗(hào)監(jiān)控數(shù)據處(chǔ)理(lǐ) energy consumption monitoring data processing

  在開(kāi)展大型公共建(jiàn)築能(néng)耗監測(cè)的過程中，可以借助(zhù)一般性檢驗計量(liáng)裝(zhuāng)置對能耗(hào)數據信息進行檢測(cè)，在(zài)明確(què)能耗(hào)計(jì)量裝(zhuāng)置(zhì)峰(fēng)值和穀值的基礎上(shàng)，對各項數(shù)據(jù)進行監(jiān)控。針對(duì)電能表當(dāng)中(zhōng)的功(gōng)率情況(kuàng)進行(háng)驗證。為了保障(zhàng)數(shù)據信(xìn)息采(cǎi)集，可以(yǐ)連續兩次進行(háng)數(shù)據信(xìn)息(xī)采(cǎi)集，對(duì)兩(liǎng)次(cì)數據信息采(cǎi)集(jí)誤差進行(háng)把(bǎ)控(kòng)，確保(bǎo)功率(shuài)低(dī)於(yú)之(zhī)路能(néng)耗(hào)設(shè)備功(gōng)率的(dí)2倍(bèi)。在(zài)確保數據信息(xī)采(cǎi)集的基礎上(shàng)，還需要開展分項(xiàng)能(néng)耗數據計算(suàn)，借助計量裝置(zhì)開(kāi)展檢測，結合各項(xiàng)能耗(hào)指(zhǐ)標(biāo)的計算方法(fǎ)，保(bǎo)障計(jì)量(liáng)檢測水(shuǐ)平。

  In the process of energy consumption monitoring of large public buildings, the energy consumption data information can be detected with the help of general inspection and metering devices, and various data can be monitored on the basis of clarifying the peak and valley values of energy consumption metering devices. Verify the power in the watt hour meter. In order to ensure the effectiveness of data and information collection, data and information collection can be carried out twice in a row, and the errors of the two data and information collection can be controlled to ensure that the power is less than twice the peak power of the energy consuming equipment on the road. On the basis of ensuring the accuracy of data information collection, it is also necessary to carry out sub item energy consumption data calculation, carry out detection with the help of metering devices, and ensure the measurement and detection level in combination with the calculation method of various energy consumption indicators.

  3大(dà)型(xíng)公共(gòng)建(jiàn)築能(néng)耗監(jiān)控(kòng)係統構(gòu)建(jiàn)框架(jià)construction framework of energy consumption monitoring system for large public buildings

  3.1係統(tǒng)框(kuàng)架(jià) system framework

  本(běn)文(wén)當(dāng)中所研(yán)究(jiū)的(dí)大型公共(gòng)建(jiàn)築能耗(hào)監控(kòng)係統，緊密依照(zhào)《國(guó)家機(jī)關辦公建(jiàn)築和大(dà)型公(gōng)共建築能(néng)耗監測(cè)係統——軟(ruǎn)件開(kāi)發(fā)指(zhǐ)導說(shuō)明書》當中的要求開展(zhǎn)設計的(dí)，切(qiē)實(shí)滿(mǎn)足(zú)了(liǎo)我(wǒ)國規(guī)定的(dí)設(shè)計(jì)標準(zhǔn)。大型公(gōng)共(gòng)建(jiàn)築能耗監(jiān)控係(xì)統框(kuàng)架搭(dā)建模式(shì)如圖(tú)2所示，其主要目的(dí)便(biàn)是獲取采集器(qì)前(qián)端數(shù)據(jù)信(xìn)息(xī)。針對(duì)信(xìn)息資源(yuán)與數(shù)據層來說，便(biàn)是在大(dà)型公(gōng)共建(jiàn)築(zhù)當中(zhōng)，實現能源消耗(hào)的數據信(xìn)息(xī)獲取，傳輸(shū)，將采(cǎi)集到的能(néng)耗數據(jù)信息進行分(fēn)類(lèi)。針對(duì)應(yīng)用(yòng)層來(lái)說，涵蓋(gài)了(liǎo)數據(jù)及信息管理，分析(xī)展示，信(xìn)息服務(wù)，後台管(guǎn)理(lǐ)等(děng)四(sì)個(gè)層次(cì)內容，不(bù)同層次當(dāng)中(zhōng)涵蓋了諸(zhū)多字內(nèi)容(róng)。應用(yòng)層(céng)在(zài)大(dà)型(xíng)公共建築能耗監(jiān)控工(gōng)作當(dāng)中的(dí)功能，便是用於(yú)能(néng)耗數(shù)據(jù)信息(xī)處理，展示，數(shù)據信息監測(cè)。在應用(yòng)層(céng)當中(zhōng)，可以(yǐ)將每個功能當成獨立的係統(tǒng)模(mó)塊(kuài)，在設計(jì)應用(yòng)層(céng)模塊時，應該保障每(měi)個(gè)處(chǔ)理(lǐ)模塊(kuài)相對(duì)獨立，減少(shǎo)各(gè)個(gè)模(mó)塊(kuài)之間(jiān)的相互幹(gān)擾，為(wéi)後續能(néng)耗數據信息處(chǔ)理(lǐ)做(zuò)鋪墊。針(zhēn)對表現層(céng)來說，便是對社會當中(zhōng)不同(tóng)角色可以(yǐ)結(jié)合(hé)自(zì)身的實際需(xū)求，對大型公共建(jiàn)築(zhù)能耗數(shù)據信息進行(háng)分(fēn)析。

  The energy consumption monitoring system of large-scale public buildings studied in this paper is designed in close accordance with the requirements of "energy consumption monitoring system of state organ office buildings and large-scale public buildings - software development guidance manual", which effectively meets the design standards specified in our country. The framework construction mode of energy consumption monitoring system for large public buildings is shown in Figure 2. Its main purpose is to obtain the front-end data information of the collector. For the information resources and data layer, it is to achieve the acquisition and transmission of first-hand energy consumption data information in large public buildings, and classify the collected energy consumption data information. For the application layer, it covers four levels: data and information management, analysis and display, information service and background management. Many words are covered in different levels. The function of the application layer in the energy consumption monitoring of large public buildings is used for energy consumption data information processing, display and data information monitoring. In the application layer, each function can be regarded as an independent system module. When designing the application layer module, each processing module should be relatively independent to reduce the mutual interference between each module and pave the way for the subsequent energy consumption data information processing. For the performance layer, it is to analyze the energy consumption data information of large-scale public buildings for different roles in the society in combination with their own actual needs.

圖2 大型(xíng)公(gōng)共建築能耗(hào)監控(kòng)係統(tǒng)構(gòu)建(jiàn)框架圖

Figure 2 construction framework of energy consumption monitoring system for large public buildings

  3.2軟件(jiàn)構架 software architecture

  大(dà)型(xíng)公(gōng)共建築能耗(hào)監控工(gōng)作一(yī)般是借(jiè)助軟件(jiàn)APP進(jìn)行(háng)操控管理的，在(zài)本文當(dāng)中(zhōng)所提(tí)及到的(dí)大型公共建築能耗監控(kòng)係統軟件當(dāng)中(zhōng)，涵蓋了監(jiān)控(kòng)終(zhōng)端，數(shù)據(jù)庫，數據(jù)管理係統(tǒng)，數據采(cǎi)集係統，防(fáng)火(huǒ)牆(qiáng)，通(tōng)信(xìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，集(jí)中器，樓宇數(shù)據信息采集終端(duān)。智能(néng)樓宇(yǔ)係統所采(cǎi)集到(dào)的能耗(hào)數據信息(xī)，會傳輸到數據集中(zhōng)器(qì)當中，將(jiāng)建築(zhù)物當中(zhōng)電能(néng)表(biǎo)，水表，冷量(liáng)表，氣表(biǎo)等(děng)能耗數(shù)據(jù)信(xìn)息，運(yùn)行狀態(tài)進(jìn)行(háng)集(jí)中(zhōng)處(chǔ)理。集中(zhōng)器會(huì)將(jiāng)數(shù)據(jù)信息(xī)轉換成TCP/IP協議(yì)數據包(bāo)等，通(tōng)信網(wǎng)絡(luò)在防火牆(qiáng)的(dí)作(zuò)用之下(xià)，促(cù)使(shǐ)數據(jù)信息(xī)處(chǔ)理模(mó)塊運行(háng)，將有關的能(néng)耗(hào)數(shù)據信息傳輸到(dào)數(shù)據庫當中。數據(jù)信息(xī)采集係(xì)統對集(jí)中器當(dāng)中(zhōng)的樓(lóu)宇(yǔ)終(zhōng)端通信(xìn)協(xié)議(yì)進(jìn)行(háng)管理(lǐ)，定時對(duì)數(shù)據通信(xìn)存在(zài)的錯(cuò)誤進行(háng)查錯。針(zhēn)對(duì)數(shù)據丟失(shī)，工作異常(cháng)等諸多內(nèi)容(róng)進行(háng)相(xiāng)關數(shù)據(jù)處(chǔ)理，獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫當中的(dí)相關數據(jù)信(xìn)息，結合(hé)係統設置(zhì)的能(néng)耗監測(cè)指(zhǐ)標，動態化對建築(zhù)物(wù)當中(zhōng)的能耗情(qíng)況(kuàng)進行監控，測評，分析，存儲，展(zhǎn)示(shì)。監(jiān)控終(zhōng)端(duān)一般會從(cóng)數(shù)據庫(kù)當(dāng)中獲(huò)取相關(guān)數據並且得(dé)出評估(gū)結果，對(duì)其(qí)進行綜(zōng)合分析(xī)把(bǎ)控(kòng)。監控終端(duān)會結(jié)合(hé)數據(jù)庫(kù)，數(shù)據(jù)采(cǎi)集(jí)係統，通信網絡(luò)，防(fáng)火牆(qiáng)，集中器(qì)等(děng)，對控(kòng)製指令進行(háng)分析，以便(biàn)於對樓宇的采集終端數(shù)據(jù)信息(xī)狀(zhuàng)態把控(kòng)。

  The energy consumption monitoring of large public buildings is generally controlled and managed with the help of software app. The energy consumption monitoring system software of large public buildings mentioned in this paper covers monitoring terminal, database, data management system, data acquisition system, firewall, communication network, concentrator and building data information acquisition terminal. The energy consumption data information collected by the intelligent building system will be transmitted to the data concentrator for centralized processing of energy consumption data information and operation status such as electric energy meter, water meter, cooling meter and gas meter in the building. The concentrator will convert the data information into TCP / IP protocol packets. Under the action of firewall, the communication network will promote the operation of data information processing module and transmit the relevant energy consumption data information to the database. The data acquisition system manages the building terminal communication protocol in the concentrator and checks the errors in data communication regularly. Conduct relevant data processing for many contents such as data loss and abnormal work, effectively obtain relevant data information in the database, and dynamically monitor, evaluate, analyze, store and display the energy consumption in the building in combination with the energy consumption monitoring indicators set by the system. The monitoring terminal will generally obtain relevant data from the database and obtain the evaluation results for comprehensive analysis and control. The monitoring terminal will analyze the control instructions in combination with the database, data acquisition system, communication network, firewall, concentrator, etc., so as to control the data information status of the acquisition terminal of the building.

  4.大型(xíng)公共(gòng)建(jiàn)築能(néng)耗監控(kòng)係統(tǒng)關鍵技術key technologies of energy consumption monitoring system for large public buildings.

  4.1多種能耗(hào)采集(jí)終(zhōng)端(duān)接(jiē)入技術(shù)multiple energy consumption acquisition terminal access technologies

  在大型(xíng)公(gōng)共(gòng)建(jiàn)築能耗監(jiān)控(kòng)係(xì)統(tǒng)當中，關鍵的技術之(zhī)一(yī)便是多種(zhǒng)能(néng)耗(hào)采集(jí)終端接(jiē)入技(jì)術(shù)，以便(biàn)於(yú)對公共建(jiàn)築當中的多種(zhǒng)能(néng)耗進行(háng)整(zhěng)合采(cǎi)集。不(bù)同(tóng)品牌能耗(hào)監控(kòng)係統當中的多(duō)種能耗采(cǎi)集終端接入技術存在不(bù)同(tóng)差異(yì)，如何借(jiè)助一(yī)個集(jí)中器進行多種能(néng)耗采集(jí)連接至關(guān)重要(yào)。因為(wéi)不同(tóng)能耗(hào)監控係(xì)統存在私有協(xié)議(yì)，所(suǒ)以(yǐ)在(zài)選擇大型公(gōng)共建築能耗(hào)監控(kòng)係統(tǒng)時(shí)，應(yīng)該對不(bù)同品牌的(dí)係統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析，明確各(gè)個品牌的私有協(xié)議(yì)，種能(néng)耗采(cǎi)集連接方式，保(bǎo)障(zhàng)不同(tóng)品牌開(kāi)發的(dí)能(néng)耗(hào)監控(kòng)係(xì)統滿足大(dà)型公共建築的(dí)實際使(shǐ)用需求，確保軟件係統(tǒng)可以順(shùn)利接入(rù)到不同能(néng)耗(hào)采集(jí)終(zhōng)端當(dāng)中。

  In the energy consumption monitoring system of large public buildings, one of the key technologies is a variety of energy consumption acquisition terminal access technology, so as to integrate and collect a variety of energy consumption in public buildings. There are different access technologies of multiple energy consumption acquisition terminals in different brands of energy consumption monitoring systems. How to connect multiple energy consumption acquisition terminals with one concentrator is very important. Because there are private protocols for different energy consumption monitoring systems, when selecting the energy consumption monitoring system of large public buildings, we should analyze the systems of different brands, clarify the private protocols and energy consumption collection and connection modes of each brand, and ensure that the energy consumption monitoring system developed by different brands can meet the actual use needs of large public buildings, Ensure that the software system can be smoothly connected to different energy consumption acquisition terminals.

  4.2係(xì)統軟件(jiàn)開發技術(shù)system software development technology

  在實際開展大型(xíng)公(gōng)共(gòng)建(jiàn)築(zhù)能(néng)耗(hào)監(jiān)控(kòng)係(xì)統運(yùn)用(yòng)時，需要結合(hé)係統的整體(tǐ)框架和模塊分層特點，引入本軟件平(píng)台的開(kāi)發技術。借助Java，JavaScrip等編(biān)程語(yǔ)言(yán)進(jìn)行程(chéng)序編碼設計，將(jiāng)數(shù)據存儲庫與(yǔ)雲存儲技術(shù)相(xiāng)銜接，確(què)保能(néng)耗數據信息(xī)存(cún)儲的安全性與(yǔ)巨(jù)型容量。在進行數據(jù)信(xìn)息(xī)傳輸(shū)通訊(xùn)時，應該選(xuǎn)擇穩定的(dí)RS485數(shù)據(jù)通(tōng)信標(biāo)準，保障(zhàng)存(cún)儲數據信息(xī)高(gāo)質量(liáng)運(yùn)行。

  In the actual application of large-scale public building energy consumption monitoring system, it is necessary to introduce the development technology of this software platform in combination with the overall framework and module layered characteristics of the system. With the help of Java, javascrip and other programming languages for program coding design, the data repository is connected with cloud storage technology to ensure the security and huge capacity of energy consumption data information storage. During data information transmission and communication, a stable RS485 data communication standard should be selected to ensure the high-quality operation of stored data information.

  5.安科瑞能耗(hào)監(jiān)控係統介(jiè)紹(shào)Introduction to ankerui energy consumption monitoring system

  Acrel-5000能(néng)耗(hào)在綫監測係(xì)統(tǒng)是用戶端能源管理分析係統，在電(diàn)能管理(lǐ)係(xì)統(tǒng)的基(jī)礎上(shàng)增(zēng)加(jiā)了(liǎo)對水，氣(qì)，煤，油(yóu)，熱(冷)量等集中(zhōng)采集(jí)與分(fēn)析，通過(guò)對用戶端所(suǒ)有(yǒu)能耗進行細分和(hé)統(tǒng)計，以直觀的(dí)數(shù)據和圖表向(xiàng)管理(lǐ)人(rén)員(yuán)或(huò)決策層展(zhǎn)示各類能(néng)源(yuán)的使用(yòng)消(xiāo)耗情況，便於找(zhǎo)出高耗(hào)能(néng)點或(huò)不(bù)合(hé)理的(dí)耗能(néng)習慣(guàn)，節(jié)約能源，為用(yòng)戶進(jìn)一步(bù)節(jié)能(néng)改造或(huò)設(shè)備升(shēng)級提(tí)供(gōng)準(zhǔn)確的(dí)數(shù)據支(zhī)撐。用戶(hù)可按照(zhào)國家有(yǒu)關規(guī)定(dìng)實施(shī)能源(yuán)審計，分析(xī)現狀，查找(zhǎo)問(wèn)題，挖掘(jué)節能潛(qián)力(lì)，提出切實(shí)可(kě)行的節能措施，並向(xiàng)縣級(jí)以上人民(mín)政府管理節能工作(zuò)的部(bù)門報送能源審計報告(gào)。

  Acrel-5000 energy consumption online monitoring system is a user-side energy management and analysis system. Based on the electric energy management system, it adds centralized collection and analysis of water, gas, coal, oil and heat (cooling) capacity. By subdividing and counting all energy consumption at the user-side, it shows the use and consumption of various energy to managers or decision-makers with intuitive data and charts, It is convenient to find out high energy consumption points or unreasonable energy consumption habits, effectively save energy, and provide accurate data support for users' further energy-saving transformation or equipment upgrading. Users can implement energy audit in accordance with relevant national regulations, analyze the current situation, find problems, tap energy-saving potential, put forward practical energy-saving measures, and submit energy audit reports to the administrative department of energy conservation of the people's government at or above the county level.

  5.1平(píng)台(tái)結(jié)構(gòu) platform structure

  Acrel-5000能(néng)耗(hào)在綫監測(cè)係統(tǒng)以計算機(jī)，通訊設備，測控單(dān)元(yuán)為基本工具，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場實際(jì)情(qíng)況(kuàng)采用(yòng)現場總(zǒng)綫，光纖(xiān)環網(wǎng)或無綫通(tōng)訊中的一(yī)種或多種(zhǒng)結(jié)合(hé)的(dí)組(zǔ)網(wǎng)方式(shì)，為大(dà)型(xíng)公共建(jiàn)築的(dí)實時數據采(cǎi)集及(jí)遠(yuǎn)程管(guǎn)理與控製(zhì)提(tí)供(gōng)了(liǎo)基(jī)礎(chǔ)平台，它可(kě)以(yǐ)和(hé)檢測設(shè)備(bèi)構成任意復雜的(dí)監控係(xì)統。開放性，網(wǎng)絡化(huà)，單(dān)元化(huà)，組(zǔ)態化(huà)的采(cǎi)用(yòng)麵向(xiàng)對象(xiàng)的分層，分(fēn)級，分(fēn)布(bù)式(shì)智能(néng)結(jié)構。建立如下層次結(jié)構(gòu)：

  Acrel-5000 energy consumption online monitoring system takes computers, communication equipment and measurement and control units as basic tools, and adopts one or more combined networking modes of fieldbus, optical fiber ring network or wireless communication according to the actual situation of the site, providing a basic platform for real-time data acquisition, remote management and control of large public buildings, It can form any complex monitoring system with detection equipment. It is open, networked, unitized and configurable, and adopts the object-oriented hierarchical, hierarchical and distributed intelligent integrated structure. Establish the following hierarchy:

圖(tú)3 平台結(jié)構(gòu)

Figure 3 platform structure

  5.2平台功(gōng)能platform functions

  （1）係統(tǒng)可按使(shǐ)用年份統(tǒng)計建築物各(gè)分類能耗(hào)——電，水，氣，集中(zhōng)供(gōng)熱(rè)，集中(zhōng)供冷以(yǐ)及其它(tā)能(néng)源消(xiāo)耗量，自(zì)動折(zhē)算(suàn)成相(xiāng)應(yīng)的(dí)標(biāo)準煤(méi)消耗(hào)量(liáng)，從(cóng)而(ér)反映建築物當年各分(fēn)類能耗(hào)用能(néng)和(hé)綜(zōng)合(hé)能耗(hào)。係(xì)統以(yǐ)餅圖形(xíng)式展示建(jiàn)築4大用(yòng)電分(fēn)項能耗的占(zhān)比情況(kuàng)。係統(tǒng)以曲綫圖(tú)形展(zhǎn)現(xiàn)各類(lèi)能耗的消耗(hào)的消耗趨(qū)勢(shì)，便(biàn)於業主方(fāng)實(shí)時直觀(guān)掌握能源(yuán)消耗(hào)情況。

  （2）係統(tǒng)可以根據(jù)分類(lèi)能耗(hào)的支路名稱(chēng)查(chá)詢(xún)用(yòng)能情況，顯(xiǎn)示(shì)當(dāng)日和當月的用能峰(fēng)值(zhí)。顯示(shì)當(dāng)日用(yòng)能，當月(yuè)用能，當年用能(néng)與昨日(rì)同(tóng)期用(yòng)能，上月同(tóng)期用能，上(shàng)年(nián)同期(qī)用能的(dí)比較情況(kuàng)。以(yǐ)條(tiáo)形顯示過(guò)去48小時，31天(tiān)，12個月，3年的能耗情況。右(yòu)上(shàng)角顯(xiǎn)示過(guò)去15分鐘曲綫（電(diàn)表(biǎo)顯(xiǎn)示(shì)功率曲綫，流(liú)量表(biǎo)顯示(shì)流速曲(qū)綫）。

  （3）係統依(yī)據建(jiàn)築物(wù)能源消耗(hào)的分布情況進(jìn)行(háng)能(néng)耗計(jì)量點的(dí)選(xuǎn)取和設(shè)置，使得能耗監測係(xì)統可以覆蓋整(zhěng)個(gè)建築物。係統(tǒng)使用(yòng)者(zhě)可(kě)通過相(xiāng)關界(jiè)麵(miàn)調(tiáo)取該建(jiàn)築物(wù)各能(néng)耗節點(diǎn)的能耗統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)表，減(jiǎn)少用能的(dí)“跑，冒，滴(dī)，漏(lòu)"和計(jì)量(liáng)誤差(chà)。

  （4）係(xì)統(tǒng)依據住(zhù)建(jiàn)部(bù)分類(lèi)分(fēn)項能(néng)耗數據采集(jí)導(dǎo)則，將(jiāng)建築物(wù)耗電(diàn)分為照(zhào)明(míng)插(chā)座，空(kōng)調(tiáo)，動力和特殊用電進行計(jì)量裝(zhuāng)置選(xuǎn)型(xíng)和設置(zhì)，並按(àn)用能(néng)區域(yù)或功能(néng)區域等(děng)劃(huá)分並(bìng)進行(háng)統計(jì)，以(yǐ)報表(biǎo)和同(tóng)，環比棒(bàng)圖(tú)形式(shì)展現該區域的能源消耗(hào)。

  （5）係統可針(zhēn)對能源消耗(hào)量大的設備(bèi)或區(qū)域進(jìn)行準確定位，便(biàn)於管(guǎn)理(lǐ)層製(zhì)定(dìng)節能績效(xiào)考核(hé)製度，推(tuī)動節能(néng)降耗(hào)的執行。為用能設備(bèi)建立(lì)運(yùn)行記(jì)錄(lù)檔案，長期(qī)跟蹤記錄(lù)設(shè)備(bèi)運行過程中的(dí)能效分析評估結果(guǒ)，結(jié)合設備維(wéi)護保養記(jì)錄(lù)，為設備(bèi)的運(yùn)行(háng)維護(hù)提供依據。

  （6）係(xì)統提(tí)供(gōng)分級(jí)權限管理功(gōng)能，對具備(bèi)權限(xiàn)用(yòng)戶(hù)提供(gōng)開(kāi)放的(dí)信息維護接(jiē)口(kǒu)，用戶(hù)可(kě)自(zì)行對(duì)建築和(hé)係統監(jiān)測範(fàn)圍(wéi)內(nèi)計量點(diǎn)的(dí)信息進(jìn)行增(zēng)，刪(shān)，改(gǎi)和(hé)查(chá)詢(xún)，建築物(wù)信(xìn)息包(bāo)括(kuò)建(jiàn)築(zhù)類型(xíng)，建設年(nián)代(dài)，建(jiàn)築(zhù)麵積(jī)，建(jiàn)築(zhù)物人(rén)員數(shù)量等。係(xì)統還(huán)對(duì)無法自動采集的計(jì)量(liáng)信息提(tí)供(gōng)手動(dòng)錄(lù)入功能，便(biàn)於(yú)使(shǐ)用(yòng)者(zhě)掌握(wò)建(jiàn)築物總體(tǐ)能(néng)耗情況(kuàng)。

  (1) The system can count the energy consumption of each classification of buildings - electricity, water, gas, central heating, central cooling and other energy consumption according to the service year, and automatically convert it into the corresponding standard coal consumption, so as to reflect the energy consumption and comprehensive energy consumption of each classification of buildings in the current year. The system displays the proportion of the energy consumption of the four major power sub items of the building in the form of pie chart. The system shows the consumption trend of various energy consumption with curves and graphs, which is convenient for the owner to grasp the energy consumption in real time and intuitively.

  (2) The system can query the energy consumption according to the branch name of classified energy consumption, and display the peak energy consumption of the current day and the current month. It shows the comparison of energy consumption of the current day, the current month, the current year and the same period of yesterday, the same period of last month and the same period of last year. The energy consumption in the past 48 hours, 31 days, 12 months and 3 years is displayed in a bar. The upper right corner shows the curve of the past 15 minutes (the electricity meter shows the power curve and the flow meter shows the flow rate curve).

  (3) The system selects and sets energy consumption measurement points according to the distribution of building energy consumption, so that the energy consumption monitoring system can cover the whole building. The system user can access the energy consumption statistical report of each energy consumption node of the building through the relevant interface to reduce the "running, emitting, dripping and leakage" and measurement error of energy consumption.

  (4) According to the guidelines for energy consumption data collection of sub items of residential buildings, the system divides the power consumption of buildings into lighting sockets, air conditioners, power and special power, selects and sets metering devices, divides and makes statistics according to energy consumption areas or functional areas, and displays the energy consumption of the area in the form of statements and comparison bar charts.

  (5) The system can accurately locate equipment or areas with large energy consumption, so as to facilitate the management to formulate energy-saving performance evaluation system and promote the effective implementation of energy conservation and consumption reduction. Establish operation record files for key energy consuming equipment, track and record the energy efficiency analysis and evaluation results during equipment operation for a long time, and provide basis for equipment operation and maintenance in combination with equipment maintenance records.

  (6) The system provides hierarchical authority management function and provides open information maintenance interface for users with authority. Users can add, delete, modify and query the information of buildings and measurement points within the monitoring range of the system. Building information includes building type, construction age, building area, number of building personnel, etc. The system also provides manual input function for measurement information that cannot be automatically collected, so that users can master the overall energy consumption of buildings.

  5.3數據上傳data upload

  安科(kē)瑞(ruì)能耗在(zài)綫監(jiān)測係統(tǒng)按(àn)照用能單位能(néng)耗(hào)在綫監測係統(tǒng)技術(shù)規範(fàn)定義的係(xì)統(tǒng)平(píng)台接口(kǒu)協(xié)議規(guī)範(fàn)的要求，將用(yòng)能企業的基(jī)礎(chǔ)信息(xī)，計量(liáng)器具信(xìn)息，用(yòng)能(néng)數據及能效數據上(shàng)傳(chuán)至(zhì)省級或國家平台，上(shàng)傳數(shù)據經過(guò)HTTPS協議加(jiā)密(mì)傳輸(shū)。如(rú)果數據傳(chuán)輸(shū)失敗(bài)或(huò)超(chāo)時(shí)（網絡故(gù)障(zhàng)），將重(zhòng)發(fā)數據，直(zhí)至(zhì)接收成功(gōng)反(fǎn)饋消息。

  According to the requirements of the system platform interface protocol specification defined in the technical specification of the on-line monitoring system for energy consumption of key energy users, the on-line monitoring system for energy consumption of ankerui will upload the basic information, measuring instrument information, energy consumption data and energy efficiency data of energy consuming enterprises to the provincial or national platform, and the uploaded data will be encrypted and transmitted through HTTPS protocol. If the data transmission fails or times out (network failure), the data will be retransmitted until a successful feedback message is received.

  5.4能源(yuán)計量表(biǎo)具選型selection of energy meters

  6結(jié)束(shù)語(yǔ) Conclusion

  總而(ér)言(yán)之，大(dà)型公共建(jiàn)築能耗(hào)監(jiān)控(kòng)係統(tǒng)自(zì)身具備(bèi)一(yī)定優(yōu)勢(shì)，在運(yùn)行的(dí)過程中可以(yǐ)滿足當前社會綠(lǜ)色(sè)節能發展(zhǎn)需求。為此，應該(gāi)結(jié)合(hé)我國(guó)當前(qián)建築(zhù)事(shì)業發(fā)展需(xū)求(qiú)，對大型(xíng)公

  共建築(zhù)能(néng)耗(hào)監控(kòng)係(xì)統以(yǐ)及相關(guān)設備(bèi)進行創新(xīn)，*能(néng)耗(hào)監控係統(tǒng)相(xiāng)關配套(tào)設(shè)施，動態化及(jí)時對大(dà)型(xíng)公(gōng)共(gòng)建(jiàn)築(zhù)的(dí)能耗(hào)進(jìn)行(háng)分(fēn)析(xī)，及時(shí)發現造成(chéng)能耗(hào)過(guò)多造成的(dí)問題，並有(yǒu)針對性(xìng)的(dí)進行改(gǎi)進，踐(jiàn)行我國及(jí)世界(jiè)節能(néng)減(jiǎn)耗發(fā)展(zhǎn)需求。

  In a word, the energy consumption monitoring system of large public buildings has certain advantages, and can meet the current social green energy-saving development needs in the process of operation. Therefore, in combination with the current development needs of China's construction industry, we should actively innovate the energy consumption monitoring system and related equipment of large public buildings, improve the relevant supporting facilities of the energy consumption monitoring system, dynamically and timely analyze the energy consumption of large public buildings, timely find the problems caused by excessive energy consumption, and make targeted improvements, Truly implement the development needs of energy conservation and consumption reduction in China and the world.